Dutch author Hans Christian Andersen (1805 – 1875) is renowned for publishing more than 150 literary fairy tales. In 1966 Salvador Dalí created 10 illustrations to celebrate some of the tales.
The Little Mermaid was first published in 1837 and tells the story of a young mermaid that wants to trade her life in the sea for a human soul. This story fascinated Dalí because of the themes about religion and death. The young mermaid was able to visit the human world when she was a teenager and upon returning to the sea, she asked her grandmother if humans lived forever. Her grandmother explained that unlike mermaid that live for hundreds of years, humans have a short life on earth, but their souls live on forever in heaven.
Dalí made two artworks dedicated to this fairy tale, titled The Little Mermaid I (Inventory number 1167) and The Little Mermaid II (Inventory number 1171). The Little Mermaid II shows the young mermaid under the sea with the human world and people above, a world she dreams of living in.